Selasa, 28 Maret 2017

PENGERTIAN ETIKA PROFESI SERTA PROFESIONALISME



PENGERTIAN ETIKA PROFESI SERTA PROFESIONALISME
  • Pengertian Etika
Pengertian Etika (Etimologi), berasal dari bahasa Yunani adalah “Ethos”, yang berarti watak kesusilaan atau adat kebiasaan (custom). Etika berkaitan erat dengan perkataan moral yang berarti juga dengan adat kebiasaan atau cara hidup seseorang dengan melakukan perbuatan yang baik (kesusilaan), dan menghindari hal-hal tindakan yang buruk. Etika dan moral memiliki pengertianyang hampir sama, namun dalam kegiatan sehari-hari terdapat perbedaan, yaitu moral atau moralitas untuk penilaian perbuatan yang dilakukan, sedangkan etika adalah untuk pengkajian sistem nilai-nilai yang berlaku.
  • Pengertian Profesi
Profesi merupakan suatu jabatan atau pekerjaan yang menuntut keahlian atau keterampilan dari pelakunya. Biasanya sebutan “profesi” selalu dikaitkan dengan pekerjaan atau jabatan yang dipegang oleh seseorang, akan tetapi tidak semua pekerjaan atau jabatan dapat disebut profesi karena profesi menuntut keahlian para pemangkunya. Hal ini mengandung arti bahwa suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang disebut profesi tidak dapat dipegang oleh sembarang orang, akan tetapi memerlukan suatu persiapan melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan yang dikembangkan khusus untuk profesi itu.
Pekerjaan tidak sama dengan profesi. Istilah yang mudah dimengerti oleh masyarakat awam adalah sebuah profesi sudah pasti menjadi sebuah pekerjaan, namun sebuah pekerjaan belum tentu menjadi sebuah profesi.Profesi memiliki mekanisme serta aturan yang harus dipenuhi sebagai suatu ketentuan, sedangkan kebalikannya, pekerjaan tidak memiliki aturan yang rumit seperti itu. Hal inilah yang harus diluruskan di masyarakat, karena hampir semua orang menganggap bahwa pekerjaan dan profesi adalah sama.
PENGERTIAN ETIKA PROFESI MENURUT PARA AHLI YAITU :
  • Menurut Kaiser dalam  ( Suhrawardi Lubis, 1994:6-7 )   
Etika profesi merupakan sikap hidup berupa keadilan untuk memberikan pelayanan professional terhadap masyarakat dengan penuh ketertiban dan keahlian sebagai pelayanan dalam rangka melaksanakan tugas berupa kewajiban terhadap masyarakat.
  • Menurut (Anang Usman, SH., MSi.)
Etika profesi adalah sebagai sikap hidup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelayanan profesional dari klien dengan keterlibatan dan keahlian sebagai pelayanan dalam rangka kewajiban masyarakat sebagai keseluruhan terhadap para anggota masyarakat yang membutuhkannya dengan disertai refleksi yang seksama,
  • Definisi Etika Profesi
Etika profesi adalah sikap etis sebagai bagian integral dari sikap hidup dalam menjalankan kehidupan sebagai pengemban profesi serta mempelajari penerapan prinsip-prinsip moral dasar atau norma-norma etis umum pada bidang-bidang khusus (profesi) kehidupan manusia.Etika profesi Berkaitan dengan bidang pekerjaan yang telah dilakukan seseorang sehingga sangatlah perlu untuk menjaga profesi dikalangan masyarakat atau terhadap konsumen (klien atau objek).Etika profesi memilikikonsep etika yang ditetapkan atau disepakati pada tatanan profesi atau lingkup kerja tertentu, contoh : pers dan jurnalistik, engineering (rekayasa), science, medis/dokter, dan sebagainya.
Prinsip dasar di dalam etika profesi :
  1. Tanggung jawab
  • Terhadap pelaksanaan pekerjaan itu dan terhadap hasilnya.
  • Terhadap dampak dari profesi itu untuk kehidupan orang lain atau masyarakat pada umumnya.
  1. Keadilan
  2. Prinsip ini menuntut kita untuk memberikan kepada siapa saja apa yang menjadi haknya.
  3. Prinsip Kompetensi,melaksanakan pekerjaan sesuai jasa profesionalnya, kompetensi dan ketekunan
  4. Prinsip Prilaku Profesional, berprilaku konsisten dengan reputasi profesi
  5. Prinsip Kerahasiaan, menghormati kerahasiaan informasi

Kode Etik Profesi
Kode etik profesi adalah sistem norma, nilai dan aturan professsional tertulis yang secara tegas menyatakan apa yang benar dan baik, dan apa yang tidak benar dan tidak baik bagi professional. Kode etik menyatakan perbuatan apa yang benar atau salah, perbuatan apa yang harus dilakukan dan apa yang harus dihindari. Tujuan kode etik yaitu agar professional memberikan  jasa sebaik-baiknya kepada pemakai atau nasabahnya. Dengan adanya kode etik akan melindungi perbuatan yang tidak professional.
Fungsi Kode Etik Profesi :
Sumaryono (1995) mengemukakan 3 alasannya yaitu :
  1. Sebagai sarana kontrol sosial
    2. Sebagai pencegah campur tangan pihak lain
    3. Sebagai pencegah kesalahpahaman dan konflik
Kelemahan Kode Etik Profesi : Idealisme terkandung dalam kode etik profesi tidak sejalan dengan fakta yang terjadi di sekitar para profesional, sehingga harapan sangat jauh dari kenyataan. Hal ini cukup menggelitik para profesional untuk berpaling kepada nenyataan dan menabaikan idealisme kode etik profesi. Kode etik profesi tidak lebih dari pajangan tulisan berbingkai.
  1. Kode etik profesi merupakan himpunan norma moral yang tidak dilengkapi dengan sanksi keras karena keberlakuannya semata-mata berdasarkan kesadaran profesional. Rupanya kekurangan ini memberi peluang kepada profesional yang lemah iman untuk berbuat menyimpang dari kode etik profesinya.
Peran Etika dalam Perkembangan IPTEK
Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi berlangsung sangat cepat. Dengan perkembangan tersebut diharapkan akan dapat mempertahankan dan meningkatkan taraf hidup manusia untuk menjadi manusi secara utuh. Maka tidak cukup dengan mengandalkan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, manusia juga harus menghayati secara mendalam kode etik ilmu, teknologi dan kehidupan.
Para pakar ilmu kognitif telah menemukan bahwa teknologi mengambil alih fungsi mental manusia, pada saat yang sama terjadi kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh hilangnya fungsi tersebut dari kerja mental manusia. Perubahan yang terjadi pada cara berfikir manusia sebagai akibat perkembangan teknologi sedikit banyak berpengaruh terhadap pelaksanaan dan cara pandang manusia terhadap etika dan norma dalam kehidupannya.
Etika profesi merupakan bagian dari etika sosial yang menyangkut bagaimana mereka harus menjalankan profesinya secara profesional agar diterima oleh masyarakat.Dengan etika profesi diharapkan kaum profesional dapat bekerja sebaik mungkin, serta dapat mempertanggungjawabkan tugas yang dilakukan dari segi tuntutan pekerjaannya.

Profesionalisme                
Profesionalisme merupakan komitmen para anggota suatu profesi untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya secara terus menerus.“Profesionalisme” adalah sebutan yang mengacu kepada sikap mental dalam bentuk komitmen dari para anggota suatu profesi untuk senantiasa mewujudkan dan meningkatkan kualitas profesionalnya.Alam bekerja, setiap manusia dituntut untuk bisa memiliki profesionalisme karena di dalam profesionalisme tersebut terkandung kepiawaian atau keahlian dalam mengoptimalkan ilmu pengetahuan, skill, waktu, tenaga, sember daya, serta sebuah strategi pencapaian yang bisa memuaskan semua bagian/elemen.Profesionalisme juga bisa merupakan perpaduan antara kompetensi dan karakter yang menunjukkan adanya tanggung jawab moral.


ETIKA DAN PROFESI DALAM BIDANG TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Pengertian Teknik Industri
Teknik Industri adalah suatu teknik yang mencakup bidang desain, perbaikan, dan pemasangan dari sistem integral yang terdiri dari manusia, bahan-bahan, informasi, peralatan dan energi. Hal ini digambarkan sebagai pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang spesifik pada metematika, fisika, dan ilmu-ilmu sosial bersama dengan prinsip dan metode dari analisis keteknikan dan desain untuk mengkhususkan, memprediksi, dan mengevaluasi hasil yang akan dicapai dari suatu sistem.
Teknik   Industri   berkenaan   dengan   proses   untuk   memperbaiki   performansi keseluruhan dari sistem yang dapat diukur dari ukuran-ukuran ekonomi, pencapaian kualitas, dampak terhadap lingkungan, dan bagaimana semua hal tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat pada  kehidupan   manusia.   Teknik   Industri   juga   dapat   diartikan   sebagai   suatu   teknik manajemen sistem, yaitu suatu teknik yang mengatur sistem tersebut secara keseluruhan dengan   mempertimbangkan   aspek-aspek   yang   terkait.   Aspek-aspek   tersebut   antara   lain manusia sebagai aspek terpenting, mesin dan material. Teknik Industri mengatur agar sistem tersebut   berjalan   dengan   cara   yang   paling   produktif,   efektif   dan   efisien.

Sumber :
[1]       Brooks, Leonard J. 2007. Etika Bisnis & Profesi, Edisi 5. Penerbit Salemba Empat





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